Hello friends, in today’s post, complete information about Past Perfect Tense in English | Rules, Examples, Exercises has been given in full details. Past Perfect Tense is called Past Perfect Tense in Hindi, and the action of this Tense gives the sense that an action was completed in the past. Past Perfect Tense in English | Rules Examples Exercises have been described. Through this post, we will inform you about all the rules and examples of this tense. Whether you are learning English or you are revising English, we will help you in both.
Past Perfect Tense in English | Rules Examples Exercises
Along with this, a lot of Examples and Exercises have also been given for each Type (Affirmative, Negative, Interrogative & W.H Question Sentences). So that it is easy for you to understand. And all your doubts can be cleared very well.
Past Perfect Tense in English
Past Perfect Tense describes an action or event that was completed before a certain moment in the past. Two actions are described in the sentences of Past perfect Tense. In which one action is of past perfect and the other action is simple past. As;
- Ram had already acted before your departure.
- By evening Rohan had bought the cow.
The first of the sentences given above describes two actions. In this sentence Ram had come first, after that some other work happened. In the second sentence, the work of buying the cow was done first by Rohan. After that the second task was completed. Similarly, in the rest of the sentences, it is being shown that after the completion of one event, another event has happened.
Past Perfect Tense
Past Perfect Tense is called Past Perfect Tense in Hindi, and the action of this Tense gives the sense that an action was completed in the past.
past perfect identity
Recognition: In verbs, there is a sense of completion of action in the past and at the end of Hindi sentences, there is Chuka, Chuke Thee, Chuki Thi, or Aa, A, E, E etc.
For example:
- Radha had gone,
- Raj had eaten food,
- we had played cricket etc.
- Sumit had read the lesson before you came.
- It had rained before he had eaten his food.
- It had not rained before the storm.
- Father had come before Sohan stayed here.
- He told this story after you left.
- He watched TV after I fell asleep.
Note: If the sentences of Past Perfect Tense given in English are recognized then it is necessary to have had + verb III in the sentences. Such sentences will be of past perfect tense, in which the third form of the main verb and the helping verb had are used.
- He had taken breakfast before the mother worshipped.
- Gupta ji had come before I reached home.
- Father had bought new shoes before he reached the market.
- The peon had rung the bell before 7:00 am.
- The police had arrived before the thief could run away.
- He cooked the food after you had left.
- It had rained before your family reached Delhi.
- Mr. Verma had already read his novel.
Helping Verb
The helping verb of Past Perfect Tense is ‘Had’. Had is used in Past Perfect Tense with the actions which end first and the actions ending later are done in simple past tense and its auxiliary verb is did.
Main Verb
The sentences of Past Perfect Tense use the III form of the Main Verb.
Note – We make the action that ended earlier in Past Perfect Tense and the action that ended later in Past Indefinite Tense.
1. If the word ‘former’ or ‘before’ appears in the sentence –
Past Perfect Tense + before + Simple Past Tense
(Subject + had + verb III + object + other + before + subject + verb II + object + other)
2. If the word ‘after’ or ‘after’ appears in the sentence –
Simple Past Tense + after + Past Perfect Tense
(Subject + verb II + object + other + before + subject + had + verb III + object + other words)
Past perfect tense rules
Rule – 1
If there is a description of two actions in the sentence and the action which ended earlier is used in Past Perfect Tense and the action which ended later is used in Simple Past Tense.
1. He came after I had left.
He came after I had gone.
2. When I reached there, the party had already started.
When I reached there, the party had started.
Rule – 2
There are some sentences whose two parts are not clear i.e. the second act is only understood. It appears that one task was finished before or after the other.
1. Mohan had never seen this building before.
He had never seen this building before
2. Mr. Sharma had never been to Delhi before.
Mr. Sharma had not gone to Delhi before.
Rule-3
In Direct Speech, Tense of Reporting Verb is in Past and Reported Speech is also in Present Perfect Tense, then in Indirect Speech, Present Perfect Tense is changed to Past Perfect Tense.
1. She said to me, “I have cooked the food.”
She told me that she had cooked the food.
2. They said, “He has broken the chair.”
They said that he had broken the chair.
Rule-4
In Direct Speech, Tense of Reporting Verb is in Past and Reported Speech is also in Past Indefinite Tense, then in Indirect Speech, Past Indefinite Tense is changed to Past Perfect Tense.
1. Ramesh said, “I built this house in 2002.”
Ramesh said that he had built that house in 2002.
2. I said to him, “Sohan reached New York yesterday.
I told him that Sohan had reached New York the previous day.
Rule-5
To describe imaginary facts in Third Conditional Sentences, make sentences on the basis of If + Past Perfect Tense, Would Have + Verb III.
1. If she had invited me, I would have gone there.
2. Had the girls worked hard, they would have passed.
Affirmative sentence
Affirmative (affirmative) sentence time does The subject (subject) is followed by the third form (third form) of the eclipse verb shakes.
Structure : subject + was + v3 + object.
Examples:
1. I had done my work.
I had done my work.
2. Garima had gone to school.
Garima had gone to school.
3. You had eaten a mango.
You had eaten a mango.
4. They had had their breakfast.
They had taken their breakfast.
5. She had memorized the lesson.
She had learned her lesson.
6. We had played ball.
We had played football.
7. The laborer had cut the tree with an axe.
The worker had cut the tree with an axe.
,
8. People had come on the streets.
People had come on the streets.
9. It had rained.
It had rained.
10. Sanjana had brought water to the house.
Sanjana had brought water to the house.
Negative sentence
To make a negative sentence, the 3rd form of the verb is used by adding Had not after the subject.
Structure : Subject + Had Not + V3 + Object.
Examples:
1. I had not done my work.
I had not done my work.
2. Garima had not gone to school
Garima had not gone to school.
3. You had not eaten a mango.
You had not eaten a mango.
4. They had not had their breakfast.
They hadn’t taken their breakfast.
5. She had not memorized the lesson.
She hadn’t learned her lesson.
6. We had not played the ball.
We had not played football
7. Sarla had not gone to the fair.
Sarla had not gone to the fair.
8. The gardener had not gone to his house.
The gardener had not gone to his house.
9. He didn’t cheat on me.
He hadn’t cheated me.
10. The cat did not chase the lion.
The cat had not chased the lion.
Interrogative sentence
Structure : Has/Have + S + (Not) + V3 + O + other word?
Examples:
1. Had you gone to school?
Had you gone to school?
2. Had priya sung the song?
Had Priya sung a song?
3. Had you memorized your lesson?
Had you learned your lesson?
4. Had he written the book?
Had they written a book?
5. Had I slept?
Had I slept?
6. Had they watered the trees in the field ?
Had they watered the trees in the field?
7. Had the hawker left the locality ?
Had the hawker left the locality?
8. Did he lend you the money?
Had he lent you the money?
9. Did Masterji give you good advice?
Had Master Ji given you good advice?
10. Had Sarla bought an ice-cream ?
Had Sarla bought ice cream?
Structure for first –
Question words + Had + sub + verb III + object + other + before + subject + verb II + object + other +?
Structure for after –
Question words + did + sub + verb I + object + other + after + subject + had + verb III + object + other words +?
Examples :
1. Where had father gone before you reached home?
Where had the father gone before he reached the house?
2. What had you written before he came back?
What you had written before he returned?
3. Why did your friend come here before Grandfather read the newspaper?
Why had your friend come here before the grandfather read the newspaper?
4. Where did the driver take the car after he left?
Where did he take the car after he had gone?
5. What did the teacher say before reading your letter?
What had the teacher said before you read the letter?
6. Whom did the gardener call after the children left?
Who did the gardener call after the children had gone?
7. What medicine was given by the doctor after the arrival of the patient?
Which medicine did he take after the doctor had come?
8. Where had he reached by 10:00?
Where had he reached by 10 o’clock?
9. What did he tell you after you left?
What did he tell you after you had gone?
10. Who came to meet you after he went to the village?
Who came to meet you after he had gone to village?
Interrogative Negative Sentences
Examples:
1. Which news had Rohan already heard?
Which news had Rohan already heard?
2. How much money had he earned by the end of this year?
How much money had he earned by the end of this year?
3. What had your uncle not bought after you left?
What did uncle not buy before you had gone?
4. Why didn’t the principal call the peon before he rang the bell?
Why had the principal not called him before the peon rang the bell?
5. Who had not come into the room before the children had eaten the fruit?
Who had not come into the room before the children ate the fruits?
6. Wasn’t the patient dead before the doctor left?
Had the patient not left before the doctor?
7. Why had he not bought the fruit before you came?
Why had he not bought the fruit before you came?
8. Why had he not returned before his father died?
Why had he not returned before his father died?
9. Why hadn’t the police arrived before the thief had committed the theft?
Why didn’t the police come before the thief did the theft?
10. Why hadn’t he already come to you?
Why had he not already come to you?
Exercise practice
The children were asleep before I reached home.
The children had already ____ before I reached home. Sleep
Ram had gone.
Ram ____ left. (have/have)
Mother had cooked food.
Mother had ____ the food. (Prepare/prepare)
We had reached college.
We had reached college. (Reached)
had you done the homework?
____ you did the homework? (have/had)
Had the train left before we reached the station?
The train had left ____ we reached the station? (before/after)
Had Radha washed the clothes?
Had Radha ____ the clothes? (washed)
Had he not gone to Delhi?
Had he not ____ to Delhi? (go/gone)
Were the children awake?
had the children ____ up? (wake up)
Had the sun set?
____ the sun sets? (had/had)
Past Perfect Tense in English | Rules Examples Exercises
Past Perfect Tense Exercises in English
- Which book had you read before the teacher came?
- Why didn’t you reach the metropolis before he came.
- Why didn’t he figure it out earlier?
- Where did the players play the match before it rained?
- His computer didn’t crash before you left.
- Why did they bring petha from Agra before I told them?
- When did the patient die before you were informed?
- What had I eaten before you came?
- Where did he go before his father died?
- All the children had arrived before the prayer started.
- Doctors had found a cure for dengue before it spread.
- He had seen the movie after 10:00.
- When had the sun set before you came?
- Which book had you read before mother called you?
- Which work had I not finished till evening?
- He told that he had fallen asleep at 2:00?
- Rajesh had not given his car before 10:00.
- Did people clap before you sang?
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Conclusion :-
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FAQs :-
1. What is the past perfect tense?
Ans. The past perfect, also called the pluperfect, is a verb tense used to talk about actions that were completed before some point in the past. We were shocked to discover that someone had graffitied “Tootles was here” on our front door. We were relieved that Tootles had used washable paint.
2. How do you use past perfect tense?
Ans. We use the past perfect simple (had + past participle) to talk about time up to a certain point in the past. She’d published her first poem by the time she was eight. We’d finished all the water before we were halfway up the mountain. Had the parcel arrived when you called yesterday?
3. What is the past perfect tense example and formula?
Ans. Subject + had + Past participle (V3)
The players had lost heart before the match finished. Chris had completed the assignment before he went to school.
4. Why is it called perfect tense?
Ans. It comes from the Latin word perfectum, which means “complete.” The most important thing to remember is the perfect tenses always refer to completed actions.
5. What is difference between perfect and imperfect tense?
Ans. Past tense (perfect)
This kind of past tense is called a perfect tense. It is used to describe an action in the past which is completed. To describe a past action or state which is incomplete, we use an imperfect tense. This tense indicates an action which has gone on over a period time or has happened frequently.
Also Read :-
http://Fill in the blanks with tense forms of the verbs given in brackets
http://50+ Present Simple (Indefinite) Tense Examples.
http://Past Tense in English | Rules, Definition and Examples
http://Present Continuous Tense In English | Rules, Examples and Exercises
http://50+ Present Perfect Continuous Tense with Examples.
http://30+ Present Perfect Tense Example with Hindi Meaning [2023]